-
A ray of monochromatic red light is incident on a glass prism in such a way that the retracted ray inside the prism strikes the
second surface at right angles as shown in the diagram. Write down the value of the angle of refraction, r.[1]
Given that the refractive index of the glass for red light is 1.5. Calculate the angle of incidence, i, of the light on the prism. [2]
A ray of monochromatic blue light incident on the prism at the same angle does not follow the same path. Why is this?[1]
[JUNE 80/P1/Q7]
2.The diagram shows two mirrors X and Y, and a solid object with a coloured spot at O, the center of its left hand face.
and eye at A sees an image of O resulting from the reflection at the mirror X. Mark I, the position of this image and draw a ray from O to the eve at A.[2]
When the eye is moved to B it sees an image of O resulting from reflections at both mirrors. Draw a ray of light from O which enables the eye at B to see this image.[2]
[ NOV 80/P1/Q10]
3.A ray of light is incident at an angle of 60°C at the mid point O of the plane face AB of a semicircular glass block, as shown in Figure (i)
(a)Calculate the angle of refraction of this ray at O, given that the refractive index of the
glass is 1.5.[21
(b)Calculate the critical angle for theglass-air boundary.[2]
On Figure (ii) below draw the path of a ray which travels through the glass to O in such a way that it strikes the surface AB at an angle of incidence equal to the critical angle. Label the critical angle and continue the path of this ray after it has struck the surface AB at O. [2]
On Figure (iii) draw the complete path of a ray directed towards O which undergoes total internal reflection at the surface AB.[2]
[NOV 86/P2/Q1]
4.In a determination of the speed of light passing from the Sun to the Earth, which of the following values in rn/s is most likely to
be recorded?[1]
3x103, 3xl08, 3x1013 or 3xl018 When determining the speed of’ ultra-violet radiation from the Sun to the Earth. state the value you would expect and give a reason for your answer.[2]
Describe briefly what happens when (i) ultraviolet radiation. (ii) visible light and (iii) infrared radiation contained in sunlight fall on a
window pane.[31
Describe one method of detecting infra-red radiation.[2]
Explain why. when viewed through a thick piece of blue glass. a lamp emitting white light appears less bright to the observer. [2]
(NOV 86/P21Q3]
5. (a)Draw ray diagram to show how a converging lens forms an image when the object distance is
(i)0.7 times the focal length of the lens,
(ii)5.0 times the focal length of the lens.[4}
(b)in each case (1) write a description of the image. (2) state a particular use of the lens arranged in this way. (3) explain why the image described is suitable for the use stated.[6][NOV 86/P2/QIO]
6.The diagram shows two light rays, from an object P. incident on a plane mirror M.
Sketch the paths of the rays after reflection from M. Using the reflection rays, locate the image of P formed by the mirror. [2]
[JUNE 87/P1/Q6]
7.An observer looking at the vertical edge A of the corner CAB of a thin-walled water-filled Fish tank notices that lie sees two images, X1, and X2. of a fish which is at X. The path of one ray. XYO. which enters the observer’s eye is shown on the diagram on which the angles arc accurate hut which is otherwise not to scale.
(a) By carefully measuring the appropriate angles on the path of the ray XYO, determine the refractive index of the water. [3]
(b)Draw another ray from X which at Q, also enters the observer’s eye. Show how the two rays locate X1, the positionof the image of the fish as seen by the observer.[2]
(c)Explain briefly how the second image, X2, is seen. [1]
(d)The observer moves round to view the fish from position O’.
Given that the distance XC is 48.0 mm, calculate the distance from the side AC that the image of X now appears to be. Mark the position of this image clearly on the diagram. Explain briefly why only one image of X is seen from 0’.[4]
[JUNE 87/P2/Q2]
8.An object 1.5 cm high is placed 18.0 cm from the centre of a converging lens of focal length 10.0 cm. One end of the object is on the principal axis of the lens. By means of a diagram drawn to a stated scale determine the size of the resulting image and its distance
from the lens.[7]
[JUNE 87/P2/Q9(a)]
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In the diagram, XY is the reflecting surface of a plane mirror and PQ is an object in front of the mirror. Show the position of the
image of P formed by reflection at XY by a dot labelled P’. Draw the paths of two rays from P which are reflected by the mirror. [2]
State two properties of the image of PQ produced by reflection at the mirror. [2] [NOV 87/P1/Q8]
10. The diagram shows the paths of two colours in the visible part of the radiation from the sun as it passes through the prism.
At X and Y there are small amounts of radiation which have passed through the prism but cannot he seen.
Name the type of radiation at (1) X, (ii) Y. [2] Describe one method by which the radiation at Y may he detected.[2]
[NOV 87/P 1/Q9]
11. (a)A lamp is arranged in a box behind a circular hole with a thin vertical wire: the light from the hole falls on a converging lens and a plane mirror placed 10.0 cm behind the lens as indicated in the diagram. The box and vertical wire are then moved until an image of the vertical wire appears in sharp focus on a piece of paper placed alongside the vertical wire. The distance between the wire and lens is then measured and found to be 20.0 cm. What characteristic property of the lens does this length represent? [1]
Suggest how it would be possible to show that this image of the vertical wire is inverted.[1]
(b) The vertical wire is removed and a metal plate with a small hole at its centre placed across the hole in the box. On the diagram above, draw two rays emerging from the hole and show their paths as they pass through the lens and subsequently. [2]
(c)The plane mirror is replaced by a white screen. What would be observed on this screen? [2]
(d)The metal plate is now removed and the vertical wire replaced. The positions of lens and screen, of size equal to that of the object.
What would be the distance
(i)between the vertical wire and the lens,
(ii)between the lens and the screen?[2]
(e)The screen is removed and the lens is moved until it is only 10 cm from the vertical wire. Explain how it would be possible with the lens in this position for you to see a clear image of the vertical
wire.[2]
[NOV 87/P2/Q2]
12.A particular television programme is transmitted by electromagnetic waves of frequency
7.5x l08 Hz which travel at a speed of 3.0x 108 m/s.
Calculate the wavelength of these waves. [3]
[NOV 87/P2/Q9]
13.An object Q is placed 25 cm in front of a lens of focal length 5 cm, as shown in the scale diagram below, Figure 6.
Scale:2 cm represents 5 cm
Draw construction rays to locate the position of the image of Q.
From measurements made on the diagram. determine the distance of the image from the lens.[4]
[JUNE 88/P1/Q7]
14.The diagram shows the structure or a simple periscope used at sporting events to Sec over the heads of the crowd.
aWhen the periscope is in use. total internal rellection occurs at one surface for OflC of the prisms by a letter ‘S’ on the diagram. [1]
(b)Complete the paths of the Iwo rays through the periscope to the light. [2]
(c )indicate why these paths are not affected by the colour of the light. [2]
(d )Is the image the right way up or upside down? Justify your answer 12!
(e)In choosing a material for the prism, the critical angle of the material must he less than 45. What is the smallest possible refractive index For the material of the
prism![3]
[JUNE 88/P2/Q3]
15.A collector views a postage stamp of height 2.0cm through a hand lens placed 2.8 cm from the stamp. The image he sees appears to he magnified 3.0 times.
(a)State the type of lens used for the hand
lens.(1)
(b)The collector views the letter on the stamp. shown full size below. in the space to the right draw Full size the magnified image that will be seen using the hand lens. [2]
(c)in the diagram below, the horizontal line represents the principal axis of the hand lens: the stamp and the lens are represented by vertical lines, as shown.
Remembering that the image is upright and has a magnification of 3.0, calculate the height of the image and draw a line parallel to the principal axis to represent the height of the image.
Draw a line to represent a ray of light from the top of the stamp passing through the centre of the lens. Using a dotted line, extend the line you have just drawn backwards to locate the position of the image.
Measure the distance of the image from the lens.
Now draw a line parallel to the axis to represent a ray of light from the top of the stamp to meet the lens. By considering where this ray meets the lens the position of the image. draw a line to locate the position of one of the focal points (principal foci) of the lens. Measure the focal length of the lens. [6]
[Nov: 88/P2/Q3]
16.The diagram shows how a triangular glass block may be used to allow light into a room, which is below ground level.
(a)On the diagram of the glass block below sketch a possible path of a ray of light from the Sun in order to make clear how it enters the room.
Name the processes taking place of face A and face B.[2]
Give one advantage of using a glass block rather than a mirror in this arrangement. [1]
(b)When a ray of light meets the prism at a certain angle, a ray inside the prism strikes the face B as shown in the diagram below.
By measurement from the diagram, find the critical angle for the glass.
Hence calculate the refractive index of the glass.[3] [Dec. 88/P2/Q4]
17. (a)Describe a simple test which can be used to distinguish between a beam of infra-red radiation and a beam of ultra-violet
radiation.[2]
(b)Draw a labelled diagram of an experiment to show that a filament lamp emits radiation beyond the red end of the visible
spectrum.[2]
[JUNE. 89/P1/Q15]
18.Figure 8. 1 shows a ray of light refracted at one surface of glass prism.
(a)By measuring appropriate angles on the diagram calculate a value for the refractive
index of the glass.[31
(h)Complete the diagram to show the path of the ray immediately after it strikes the
surface PQ.[1] [JUNE 89/P1/Q8]
19.Figure 2.1 shows an object 25 mm high placed
80 mm in front of the lens of a camera. The focal length of the lens is 20 mm and the diagram has been drawn full size.
(i)Draw an accurate ray diagram to locate the image.
(ii)Measure and record the size of the image and its distance from the lens.
(iii)Assuming that the distance you have measured in ii) is the maximum distance between the lens and the film in the camera, explain why it is impossible to use this camera to take a clear photograph of an object less than 80 mm away from the
camera.[7]
[JULY 89/P2/Q2]
20. (a)Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus you would use to detect infra-red radiation in the radiation emitted by a filament lamp.[3]
(b)Describe the experimental observation which would confirm the presence of infra-red radiation.[1]
[NOV 89/P1/Q6]
21.Figure 7.1 shows an object 0 in front of a converging lens. The points marked F are the focal points of the lens.
(a)Draw two rays from the top of the object in order to locate the position of the image. [4]
(b)The image is upright. State two other characteristics of the image. [2]
[NOV 89/P1/Q7]
22. (a)Figure 3.1 shows the positions of the eye of a car driver, the wing mirror of the car and the front of a lorry. [4]
(i)Draw rays to indicate the part of the front of the lorry which can be seen in the mirror by the car driver. [3]
(ii)The wing mirror of a car is often curved with a surface of the shape shown in Figure 3.2.
U sing the laws of reflection, explain how the curved mirror would enable more of the front of the lorry to he seen. [2]
(b)Figure 3.3 shows a ray of light meeting the glass of the window of a car at an angle of incidence of’ 40o
(i )Assuming that the refractive index of glass is 1 .5, calculate the angle of refraction for this ray in the glass.
iiComplete the diagram by sketching the path of the ray through the glass and out on the other side.
iiiUse the diagram to explain the effect of the glass on what is seen by the driver.
23. (a)Explain what is meant by the refraction of light and state the conditions needed for
refraction to take place.[4]
(b)Figure 10.1 shows a ray of red light KLMN passing through a triangular glass prism QRS.
(i)Using a protractor, measure and record the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction at the point L.
(ii)Measure and record the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction at the point M.
(iii)Using your answers to (i) and (ii). find two values of the refractive index of the glass and calculate the
average.[6]
(c)In Figure 10.2. ABCDE shows the path of a ray of red light through a raindrop. Assume that a ray of blue light is also incident along AB.
(i)Complete the diagram showing a possible path for the blue light through the raindrop.
(ii)Explain why the paths followed by the red and blue light are different. [5]
[JUNE 90/P2/QI0]
24. (a)Complete the gaps in the diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum.
| RARADIO | GAMMA |
(b)Very short wavelength radio waves can be used to determine the distance of the Moon from the Earth, by measuring the time taken for radio-waves to travel from the Earth to the Moon and back again. Calculate the delay between the transmission and reception of the signal when the Moon is 3.9 x 108 m from the Earth. (Speed of electromagnetic waves = 3.0 x 108 m/s.) [5]
[JUNE 91/P2/Q5]
25. (a)Figure 5.1 shows a point object 0 in front of a plane mirror.
On Figure 5.1 mark with a cross the position of the image of 0. Label the image ‘M’.
(b)Figure 5.2 shows peaks of ripples incident on a barrier.
On Figure 5.2, (i) mark with a cross the position of the image of the source S and label it “Q”, (ii) draw, as accurately as possible, the parts of the ripples which have already been reflected by the
barrier.
(c)The wavepath SP is shown on Figure 5.2. Draw the reflected wavepath from P and measure the angles of incidence and
reflection of the path.[7]
[NOV 91/P2/Q5]
26.Figure 10.1 shows a thin converging lens forming a real image I of a point object 0.
(a) (i)State clearly what happens to the path of a ray of light as it passes through each surface of the lens.
(ii)Explain why the lens has a bigger effect on the paths of rays passing near the edge than it does on the paths of rays near the centre. [5]
(b)A thin converging lens has a focal length of about 4 cm.
Draw a ray diagram to show the lens forming a virtual image of a point object situated above the axis of the lens. [5]
(c) (i)State how you would use a thin converging lens as a magnifying glass.
(ii)In what way(s) are the images formed by a camera and a projector similar and in what way(s) are they different?
(iii)A slide projector set up in a classroom gives a clear image which only half fills the screen. Explain clearly what you would do to obtain a clear image which completely fills the screen, using the same projector. [5]
[NOV 91/P2/QI0]
27. (a)Figure 9.1 shows a point object P in front of a plane mirror.
(i)On figure 9.1 mark with a cross (x) the position of I, the image of P. Label your cross I.
(ii)On figure 9.1 draw the reflected ray fromQ.
(iii)Measure the angle of incidence, i, and the angle of reflection, r, and write the values in the spaces provided on
the diagram.[5]
(b)On your answer sheets explain how you would carry out an experiment to show that, for the reflection of light, the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.
Your answer should contain
(1)a list of the apparatus you would use,
(ii)a labelled diagram of the apparatus in use,
(iii) short statements of the steps you
would take.[7]
(c) (i)Car J is following car K. The registration number of car J is LEF 9Z, as shown in Figure 9.2.
On your answer sheets, write down the registration number of car J as seen by the driver of car K in a plane mirror.
(ii)There are 11 letters in the work
EXAMINATION.
How many of these letters are not changed when the word is seen by reflection? [3]
[JUNE 92/P2/Q9]
28.Figure 3.1 represents a ray of light passing from air to glass.
(a) (i) Measure the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction.
(ii)Calculate the refractive index of the glass.[4]
(b)At what angle of incidence will the angle of refraction be zero?[1]
[NOV 92/P2/Q3]
29.A student sits in the middle of a large rectangular hall which is 17 m wide, as shown in Figure 3.1. When the student bangs a drum, two echoes are heard, 50 ms and 80 ms, respectively, after the bang.
Assuming that these is no echo from the
ceiling, calculate
(a)the speed of sound in air.
(b)the length of the hall,[5]
[JUNE 93/P2/Q3)
30. (a)Figure 9.1 shows three rays of light passing from the top of an object to a thin converging lens. (The lens is represented by the thin vertical line.) The object is 1.2cm tall and is 5.0 cm from the lens.
The image formed by the lens is also shown; it is 1.8 cm tall and is 7.5 cm from the lens.
(i)Copy Figure 9.1 onto a sheet of graph paper. On your copy, show the paths of the three rays of light after they have passed through the lens.
(ii)Use your diagram to determine the focal length of the lens. Give your value in cm.
(iii)Draw a separate diagram to determine the position and size of the image formed when the 1.2 cm object is placed 2.0 cm from the lens. Describe this new image.[8]
(b) (1)Draw a labelled diagram to show how a prism may be used to from a spectrum of white light.
(ii)State the speed of electromagnetic waves through a vacuum.
(iii)List the main regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, starting from the
low frequency end.[7]
[JUNE 93/P2/Q9)
31. (a)Figure 3.1 shows a rectangular glass block with a ray of light passing into the block.
(i)Using a protractor, measure the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction.
(ii)Draw on Figure 3.1, as accurately as possible, the path of the emergent ray.[4]
(b)Figure 3.2 shows the path of another ray of light passing through the block.
(i)Name the special effect shown in Figure 3.2.
(ii)Is the angle greater or smaller than the critical angle of the glass? Give your reason for your answer. [2]
[NOV 93/P2/Q3]
32.A student sits in front of a plane mirror. In Figure 2.1, E is the position of one of the student’s eyes and M and N are the ends of the mirror. E is directly opposite the centre of the mirror.
(a)On Figure 2.l,
(i)mark with a cross (X) the position of the image of E formed by thc mirror,
(ii)draw rays of light from M to E and from N to E,
(iii)draw the rays of light incident at M and N which are reflected along ME and NE.
Show clearly any construction lines
you have used.[5]
(b) (i)Measure the angle between the rays reflected along ME and NE.
(ii)Calculate a value for the angle of
incidence at M.[2]
[NOV 94/P2/Q2]
33. (a)Figure 9.1 shows a large letter P placed in front of a plane mirror.
Copy Figure 9.1 and on your diagram draw
(i)the image of the object,
(ii)rays from the bottom of the large letter P to the top of the mirror and to the bottom of the mirror; also draw, thc 1wo reflected rays.
(b)You are given a rectangular glass block, a ray box, a sheet of white paper, a sharp pencil, a 30 cm rule and a protractor. Describe an experiment you could perform to determine the refractive index of the glass. Your description should include
(i)a diagram of the layout of the apparatus,
(ii)a statement of how you would obtain a record of the ray paths, outside and inside the glass,
(iii)a statement of the measurements you would make.
(iv) a statement of the calculations you
would perform.[8]
(c)Figure 9.2 shows a cross-section through part of a light pipe and a ray of light entering one end.
Copy Figure 9.2 and on your copy show the
path of the ray along the pipe.[2]
[JUNE. 94/P2/Q9]
34.Figure 4.1 shows a small object KL to the left of a thin converging lens. The principal axis and the principal focus F are also shown.
On Figure 4.1, draw rays which will enable you to find the positions of the images of points K and L. Label these images K’ and L’ respectively.[5]
[NOV 95/P2/Q4]
35.Figure 5.1 shows a vertical object, the image of that object as formed by a converging lens and two rays from the top of the object.
(a)Describe the image.
(b)Using Figure 5.1,
(i)determine the focal length of the lens,
(ii)determine the image magnifica
tion.[5]
(c)Figure 5.2 shows the same object placed nearer the same lens.
On Figure 5.2, draw ray paths to enable you to determine the position and size of the new image. Measure the distance of this image from the lens and the size of
the image.[31
[JUNE 96/P2/Q5]
36.(a) You are given a glass block 12 cm long,
8 cm wide and 1 cm deep and asked to determine the refractive index of the glass as accurately as possible.
(i)Write down a list of the apparatus you would use.
(ii)Describe briefly how you would use your apparatus. Illustrate your description with a carefully draw diagram. (iii)State the measurements you would make in order to obtain an accurate value of the refractive index of the glass.
(iv) Show how you would calculate the
refractive index.[10]
(b)Explain with the aid of a diagram or diagrams what is meant by total internal
reflection.[5]
[NOV 96/P2/QJ1]
37.Figure 6.1 shows a square block of glass JKLM with a ray of light incident on side JK at an angle of incidence of 60°. The refractive index of the glass in 1.50.
(a)Calculate the angle of refraction of the ray.[2]
(b)Calculate the critical angle for a ray of light in this glass.[2]
(c)Explain why the ray shown in Figure 6.1 cannot emerge from side KL but will emerge from side LM.[3]
[NOV 97/P2/Q6]
38.Figure 5.1 shows the passage of a ray of white light into a semi-circular glass block. The ray meets the straight side of the block at 0, the centre of the semi-circle. The angle / is less than the critical angle.
(a)As the light meets the straight side of the block, part of the light is reflected and the rest of the light is refracted.
(i)On Figure 5.1, draw rays which show the reflection and refraction of the light at 0.
(ii)Explain why spectrum may be seen in the light that is refracted. [5]
(iii)Explain why the reflected light stays white.
(b)The angle of incidence i at 0 is increased until total internal reflection occurs.
(i)State what is meant by total internal reflection.
(ii)Draw a diagram to show how a light pipe (optic fibre) makes use of total
internal reflection.[2]
[JUNE 98/P2/Q5]
39.In a slide projector, light from a lamp is converged on to a slide AB and a lens is used to form an image of the slide on a screen. Figure 2.1 shows the slide, lens and screen. The lamp which illuminates the slide is not shown in Figure 2.1,
(a)On Figure 2.1, draw two rays from A and two rays from B to show how a focused image of the slide is formed on the screen. [3]
(b)Describe the image formed on the screen.
[1]
(c)When a projector is first turned on, the image formed is often not in focus. Describe how the operator can focus the image on the screen. [1]
(d)The slide should be put upside down in the projector. Use Figure 2.1 to explain why this is necessary. [1]
[NOV 98/P2/Q2]